ABB Turbocharging is offering special axial turbine blades with hard-faced tips to counter accelerated circumferential wear for engines burning lower qualities of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and particularly with heavy duty operating profiles.
ABB Turbocharging’s turbine blades with hard wear resistant tips are designed to scrape away hard HFO fouling on turbocharger turbine diffusers to minimize contact of the standard blades with the abrasive deposits.
ABB Turbocharging is offering special axial turbine blades with hard-faced tips to counter accelerated circumferential wear for engines burning lower qualities of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and particularly with heavy duty operating profiles.
A build-up of hard, abrasive combustion residues on and around the turbine diffuser causes wear due to contact between the deposits and the rotating turbine blades. This causes a gradual reduction in turbine diameter and consequent increase in exhaust gases bypassing the turbine. The resulting loss of turbocharger efficiency reduces engine efficiency and increases operating cost remedied only replacement of the complete set of turbine blades.
ABB’s special hard wearing turbine blades, nicknamed “dragon’s teeth” have a hard, wear resistant layer applied to the tips of the removable turbine blades. Only three pairs (6 in total) of the hard tipped blades need to be fitted at 120 degree intervals around the turbine wheel to effectively scrape away hard HFO deposits and clear a path for the standard blades, thus minimizing contact with the abrasive residues. The 120 degree spacing of the coated blades also assists rotor balancing as well as ensuring a well distributed scraping effect.
Tests in the field have proven that by fitting dragon’s teeth, wear on the standard tubine blades is within tolerance and do not require to be changed at overhaul: maintenance of the diffuser is similarly reduced with only the six dragon’s teeth requiring replacement.
Dragon’s teeth turbine blades will be an option on new turbochargers and will be offered as part of ABB’s “Hot Part Package” which also includes modified washing nozzles for ABB Turbocharging’s TPL -A and TPL -C turbochargers on engines operating on HFO.
2012年1月10日星期二
2012年1月3日星期二
The new art of graffiti using felt pens
The illicit art of writing on walls is becoming modernised. Once it was easy to rub out the "Sid Loves Ethel" – or worse – chalked up on the bus shelters and lamp-posts and other amenities of our towns and cities.
Now two factors have combined to give wall literature a permanence which, if not Shakespearean, is at least equal to the local authorities' determination to remove it. Designers of the rebuilt cities have taken to smooth, highly receptive surfaces such as plastic, terrazzo, high-finish concrete and mosaic – and the secret bards have taken to felt-tipped pens – which are more indelible than chalk, pencil, or crayon.
The Precinct, the centre of Coventry's rebuilt city centre, has steadily become a literary anthology and art gallery in this way. The subways, faced on both sides with terrazzo, have proved especially tempting. Felt-tipped pens left behind a legacy that had to be scrubbed off with abrasives doing the surfaces no good at all. Following this, the walls were deliberately coated with advertisements – only for the nubile young ladies pictured on them to acquire unlikely beards, pince-nez, and warts.
The nature of many of the sentiments expressed on public property has suggested that people between the ages of 15 and 22, rather than schoolchildren, are principally responsible. All the same, the local authority had to start somewhere, and the education committee has discussed the matter.
Councillor N.P. Lister, vice-chairman of the committee, says: "It was all very well for a courting couple years ago to spend a whole afternoon carving 'Jack Loves Judith' on a tree. It took them a long time and the marks grew out anyway. With a felt pen on some of these new surfaces you can do lot of damage in a few minutes and nothing will wash it out."
The short-term answer, in the opinion of the committee, is to make the culprits feel that there is no future in their particular art form. "The marks should be scrubbed out immediately, so no one thinks he is leaving a monument to posterity behind him," says Mr Lister. This solution is rather Utopian, as it is estimated that it would need a gang of half a dozen men working full-time for a week, to clear up the present crop of outpourings in Coventry.
The long-term solution lies in the education of the young. Here Coventry is leading the way. The Education Committee is to ask the Head Teachers' Association to consider the possibility of making a film about the wayward art of the wall literati. This would be the first film of its type. "I should think the censors would have to give it an X certificate," said a corporation workman sadly.
Now two factors have combined to give wall literature a permanence which, if not Shakespearean, is at least equal to the local authorities' determination to remove it. Designers of the rebuilt cities have taken to smooth, highly receptive surfaces such as plastic, terrazzo, high-finish concrete and mosaic – and the secret bards have taken to felt-tipped pens – which are more indelible than chalk, pencil, or crayon.
The Precinct, the centre of Coventry's rebuilt city centre, has steadily become a literary anthology and art gallery in this way. The subways, faced on both sides with terrazzo, have proved especially tempting. Felt-tipped pens left behind a legacy that had to be scrubbed off with abrasives doing the surfaces no good at all. Following this, the walls were deliberately coated with advertisements – only for the nubile young ladies pictured on them to acquire unlikely beards, pince-nez, and warts.
The nature of many of the sentiments expressed on public property has suggested that people between the ages of 15 and 22, rather than schoolchildren, are principally responsible. All the same, the local authority had to start somewhere, and the education committee has discussed the matter.
Councillor N.P. Lister, vice-chairman of the committee, says: "It was all very well for a courting couple years ago to spend a whole afternoon carving 'Jack Loves Judith' on a tree. It took them a long time and the marks grew out anyway. With a felt pen on some of these new surfaces you can do lot of damage in a few minutes and nothing will wash it out."
The short-term answer, in the opinion of the committee, is to make the culprits feel that there is no future in their particular art form. "The marks should be scrubbed out immediately, so no one thinks he is leaving a monument to posterity behind him," says Mr Lister. This solution is rather Utopian, as it is estimated that it would need a gang of half a dozen men working full-time for a week, to clear up the present crop of outpourings in Coventry.
The long-term solution lies in the education of the young. Here Coventry is leading the way. The Education Committee is to ask the Head Teachers' Association to consider the possibility of making a film about the wayward art of the wall literati. This would be the first film of its type. "I should think the censors would have to give it an X certificate," said a corporation workman sadly.
2011年9月19日星期一
Vigil held for two cousins involved in fatal crash
Friends and family are mourning for two cousins one of them killed the other severly injured in a horrible accident, early Saturday morning.
Loved ones held each other close during a candlelight vigil, Sunday evening as they try to understand why a woman identified by relatives as Charlene Zambrano, 26 was taken so soon.
As those close to Zambrano try to cope with their loss, they continue to pray for her cousin Angela Riding, 21, as she struggles to survive the critical injuries she sustained in the crash.
According to Stockton police, the two women were passengers in a vehicle that was traveling at a high rate of speed when the driver lost control and struck a tree. It happened in the 4100 block of McDougald Boulevard. The vehicle went airborne, hit three cars parked in a driveway, then went through a garage door and hit a boat and truck.
"It looked like a battlefield. Total devastation," said the owner of the home, who did not want to publicly share his name.
"When I got downstairs and got outside my neighbor is telling me get the water hose, get the water hose and I'm asking my neighbor, "what do we need the water hose for?' And she says 'there's a car on fire'."
"I heard a loud, breaking, screeching sound," said neighbor Sandra Hickey.
When Hickey went outside she found a woman pinned between a car and her neighbor's garage. The second female victim was found lying on the other side of the driveway.
According to Hickey, a man climbed out of the car and left the scene. Police later identified the man as 25-year-old Zane Ashik Ali. He was taken to the hospital with a head injury.
Construction workers began repairing the house on Saturday. The owner estimates the crash caused about $100,000 in damage.
Loved ones held each other close during a candlelight vigil, Sunday evening as they try to understand why a woman identified by relatives as Charlene Zambrano, 26 was taken so soon.
As those close to Zambrano try to cope with their loss, they continue to pray for her cousin Angela Riding, 21, as she struggles to survive the critical injuries she sustained in the crash.
According to Stockton police, the two women were passengers in a vehicle that was traveling at a high rate of speed when the driver lost control and struck a tree. It happened in the 4100 block of McDougald Boulevard. The vehicle went airborne, hit three cars parked in a driveway, then went through a garage door and hit a boat and truck.
"It looked like a battlefield. Total devastation," said the owner of the home, who did not want to publicly share his name.
"When I got downstairs and got outside my neighbor is telling me get the water hose, get the water hose and I'm asking my neighbor, "what do we need the water hose for?' And she says 'there's a car on fire'."
"I heard a loud, breaking, screeching sound," said neighbor Sandra Hickey.
When Hickey went outside she found a woman pinned between a car and her neighbor's garage. The second female victim was found lying on the other side of the driveway.
According to Hickey, a man climbed out of the car and left the scene. Police later identified the man as 25-year-old Zane Ashik Ali. He was taken to the hospital with a head injury.
Construction workers began repairing the house on Saturday. The owner estimates the crash caused about $100,000 in damage.
2011年6月12日星期日
That's not all CountryMark is willing to do
The sweet spot
CountryMark has believed for years that the area near the proposed Midway Acres drilling unit contains substantial amounts of crude oil. The company proposes to drill to a depth of 2,300 feet into the cypress sandstone rock formation.
McDivitt's order of integration says Core Minerals "successfully drilled three horizontal wells just west of the proposed unit (which are now operated by CountryMark) and CountryMark believes this project will have similar results."
In an April 24, 2008, letter to the other dissenting property owner, who is adjacent to Williams, Core Minerals acknowledged it said in August 2007 that "the producing (rock) formation we are targeting has produced thousands of barrels of oil from your neighborhood in the past."
"Because of the particular geology involved with this formation and past production we have determined that only a small percentage of the recoverable oil was extracted."
The problem for CountryMark is that Williams' property, which he and his wife bought in 2006, lies over or near what the company believes is the largest oil supply in the 80-acre drilling unit.
"This isn't a situation where you could go anywhere in that neighborhood, anywhere in that township, and drill a well down to this depth and you're going to hit oil in the cypress," McDivitt said.
"That's not the way the oil exists. It's very much confined to discrete areas, and (CountryMark has) mapped it and identified his property as pretty close to or right over the sweet spot."
Frank Lindsey, manager of regulatory compliance/land for CountryMark, confirmed McDivitt's assessment.
"We would not be willing to spend the money to drill oil there if that were not true," Lindsey said.
That's not all CountryMark is willing to do.
In a move McDivitt said is news to him, Lindsey says the company decided late last year it was willing to alter the path of its horizontal well bit to go around, not under, Williams' property.
But not so far around that it cannot drain enough oil into the well to justify the potential $750,000 expense.
"We'd go very close to it. If we stay close to his property, we can recover close to the same amount of oil," Lindsey said. "We agreed to do that to try to accommodate Mr. Williams as best we could."
But if CountryMark thought Williams would regard the shift as an important concession to him, the company was wrong.
Williams said CountryMark representatives floated the idea a few months ago, but did not pursue it actively.
"If this was truly a concession, they have had plenty of time in order to state that they were going to go with this route," Williams said. "I think they're telling you about it to not look so bad in the eyes of the press."
Possible compromise
McDivitt said CountryMark's willingness to go closely around, but not underneath, Williams' property may be an effort "to avoid the liability."
Lindsey insisted it was a desire to satisfy Williams so the work could begin, and not a fear of litigation, that motivated CountryMark.
"We've done a number of things to be less intrusive on the people who live (at Midway Acres)," he said. "The other people that would love for us to drill this well so they could share in the revenue will not have that opportunity if we can't get an order of integration here."
The plan to go around Williams' property still requires a signed lease or written waiver from him. But a favorable ruling in the forced pooling case, which would not have to begin all over again, would trump Williams' refusal to give permission.
Williams says he likely won't give that permission because going closely around his property doesn't alleviate his concerns about his well water or the potential damage from hydraulic fracturing, a controversial drilling technique.
Admitting he lacks the knowledge of a geologist, Williams insists CountryMark officials casually mentioned the possibility of hydraulic fracturing before reversing themselves. Lindsey says the idea has never been considered.
The drilling technique, commonly referred to as "fracking," involves high-pressure pumping of water and chemical additives into rock formations, followed by propping agents to prevent the resulting fractures from closing.
The practice has spawned complaints of contaminated air and well water in Pennsylvania and other states. However, many state regulatory agencies believe hydraulic fracturing does not contaminate ground water with chemicals.
McDivitt says his department has no documented instance of hydraulic fracturing causing contamination of groundwater in Indiana.
CountryMark does not take hydraulic fracturing lightly, Lindsey said.
Pointing to the relatively porous cypress sandstone rock formation under Williams' property, he said fracking is simply not necessary there.
"We wouldn't do that unless we thought we just had to," he said.
CountryMark has believed for years that the area near the proposed Midway Acres drilling unit contains substantial amounts of crude oil. The company proposes to drill to a depth of 2,300 feet into the cypress sandstone rock formation.
McDivitt's order of integration says Core Minerals "successfully drilled three horizontal wells just west of the proposed unit (which are now operated by CountryMark) and CountryMark believes this project will have similar results."
In an April 24, 2008, letter to the other dissenting property owner, who is adjacent to Williams, Core Minerals acknowledged it said in August 2007 that "the producing (rock) formation we are targeting has produced thousands of barrels of oil from your neighborhood in the past."
"Because of the particular geology involved with this formation and past production we have determined that only a small percentage of the recoverable oil was extracted."
The problem for CountryMark is that Williams' property, which he and his wife bought in 2006, lies over or near what the company believes is the largest oil supply in the 80-acre drilling unit.
"This isn't a situation where you could go anywhere in that neighborhood, anywhere in that township, and drill a well down to this depth and you're going to hit oil in the cypress," McDivitt said.
"That's not the way the oil exists. It's very much confined to discrete areas, and (CountryMark has) mapped it and identified his property as pretty close to or right over the sweet spot."
Frank Lindsey, manager of regulatory compliance/land for CountryMark, confirmed McDivitt's assessment.
"We would not be willing to spend the money to drill oil there if that were not true," Lindsey said.
That's not all CountryMark is willing to do.
In a move McDivitt said is news to him, Lindsey says the company decided late last year it was willing to alter the path of its horizontal well bit to go around, not under, Williams' property.
But not so far around that it cannot drain enough oil into the well to justify the potential $750,000 expense.
"We'd go very close to it. If we stay close to his property, we can recover close to the same amount of oil," Lindsey said. "We agreed to do that to try to accommodate Mr. Williams as best we could."
But if CountryMark thought Williams would regard the shift as an important concession to him, the company was wrong.
Williams said CountryMark representatives floated the idea a few months ago, but did not pursue it actively.
"If this was truly a concession, they have had plenty of time in order to state that they were going to go with this route," Williams said. "I think they're telling you about it to not look so bad in the eyes of the press."
Possible compromise
McDivitt said CountryMark's willingness to go closely around, but not underneath, Williams' property may be an effort "to avoid the liability."
Lindsey insisted it was a desire to satisfy Williams so the work could begin, and not a fear of litigation, that motivated CountryMark.
"We've done a number of things to be less intrusive on the people who live (at Midway Acres)," he said. "The other people that would love for us to drill this well so they could share in the revenue will not have that opportunity if we can't get an order of integration here."
The plan to go around Williams' property still requires a signed lease or written waiver from him. But a favorable ruling in the forced pooling case, which would not have to begin all over again, would trump Williams' refusal to give permission.
Williams says he likely won't give that permission because going closely around his property doesn't alleviate his concerns about his well water or the potential damage from hydraulic fracturing, a controversial drilling technique.
Admitting he lacks the knowledge of a geologist, Williams insists CountryMark officials casually mentioned the possibility of hydraulic fracturing before reversing themselves. Lindsey says the idea has never been considered.
The drilling technique, commonly referred to as "fracking," involves high-pressure pumping of water and chemical additives into rock formations, followed by propping agents to prevent the resulting fractures from closing.
The practice has spawned complaints of contaminated air and well water in Pennsylvania and other states. However, many state regulatory agencies believe hydraulic fracturing does not contaminate ground water with chemicals.
McDivitt says his department has no documented instance of hydraulic fracturing causing contamination of groundwater in Indiana.
CountryMark does not take hydraulic fracturing lightly, Lindsey said.
Pointing to the relatively porous cypress sandstone rock formation under Williams' property, he said fracking is simply not necessary there.
"We wouldn't do that unless we thought we just had to," he said.
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