ABB Turbocharging is offering special axial turbine blades with hard-faced tips to counter accelerated circumferential wear for engines burning lower qualities of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and particularly with heavy duty operating profiles.
ABB Turbocharging’s turbine blades with hard wear resistant tips are designed to scrape away hard HFO fouling on turbocharger turbine diffusers to minimize contact of the standard blades with the abrasive deposits.
ABB Turbocharging is offering special axial turbine blades with hard-faced tips to counter accelerated circumferential wear for engines burning lower qualities of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and particularly with heavy duty operating profiles.
A build-up of hard, abrasive combustion residues on and around the turbine diffuser causes wear due to contact between the deposits and the rotating turbine blades. This causes a gradual reduction in turbine diameter and consequent increase in exhaust gases bypassing the turbine. The resulting loss of turbocharger efficiency reduces engine efficiency and increases operating cost remedied only replacement of the complete set of turbine blades.
ABB’s special hard wearing turbine blades, nicknamed “dragon’s teeth” have a hard, wear resistant layer applied to the tips of the removable turbine blades. Only three pairs (6 in total) of the hard tipped blades need to be fitted at 120 degree intervals around the turbine wheel to effectively scrape away hard HFO deposits and clear a path for the standard blades, thus minimizing contact with the abrasive residues. The 120 degree spacing of the coated blades also assists rotor balancing as well as ensuring a well distributed scraping effect.
Tests in the field have proven that by fitting dragon’s teeth, wear on the standard tubine blades is within tolerance and do not require to be changed at overhaul: maintenance of the diffuser is similarly reduced with only the six dragon’s teeth requiring replacement.
Dragon’s teeth turbine blades will be an option on new turbochargers and will be offered as part of ABB’s “Hot Part Package” which also includes modified washing nozzles for ABB Turbocharging’s TPL -A and TPL -C turbochargers on engines operating on HFO.
2012年1月10日星期二
2012年1月9日星期一
Mavrix Welding Automation Improves Dual Torch Hard Surfacing System
Improved system now installs in less than 30 minutes, features single pendant control.
Muskego, Wisconsin - Mavrix Welding Automation Inc. has redesigned its dual torch shredder disc rebuild system with an improved mounting system and open carriage design that reduces installation time to 30 minutes or less. The dual torch system can apply 50 lbs. of weld metal per hour, significantly shortening downtime, the frequency of maintenance events and cost per ton of scrap or recycled material.
Mavrix custom builds its systems so that they can be integrated with all hammer-type shredders with disc rotors, including those from Metso-Texas Shredder, Riverside Engineering, Newell, TSC, Wendt and American Pulverizer. Mavrix has installed systems around the country and works closely with many manufacturers to ensure its products fit precisely to the shredder system.
The dual torch disc rebuild system includes two weld carriages that support the weld arm and adjustable open arc torches, wire feeders and 60-lb. coils of wire. The carriage with the new opening design allows the main beam and legs to be installed first and the carriages second, significantly reducing the weight of the system and making installation easier.
Mavrix has now consolidated the controls into a single hand-held pendant that allows the operator to be mobile yet maintain control. The pendant frees the operator to maintain a safe distance from welding fumes yet keep complete control over voltage, amperage, rotation speed and circumferential step-over. With remote Start/Stop, the operator can pause at any time to inspect the work and simply begin again without out worrying about "wire whiskers" because a built-in burn back circuit eliminates the welding wire sticking to the work piece.
The disc rebuild system is a perfect match with Stoody 110MC, a modified high chromium manganese steel metal cored wire designed for parts subject to severe impact loading. This wire allows the system to be used in a single wire welding solution; there is no need to build up with one product and then change over to a hard facing wire. A single wire solution reduces stocking requirements, and it also eliminates concern with residual hard facing material when returning for subsequent build events. Stoody 110MC has great welder appeal, low slag, goes down softly and work hardens to 55 HRC. Mavrix is an authorized distributor of Stoody wire products, each selected for specific customer applications.
Muskego, Wisconsin - Mavrix Welding Automation Inc. has redesigned its dual torch shredder disc rebuild system with an improved mounting system and open carriage design that reduces installation time to 30 minutes or less. The dual torch system can apply 50 lbs. of weld metal per hour, significantly shortening downtime, the frequency of maintenance events and cost per ton of scrap or recycled material.
Mavrix custom builds its systems so that they can be integrated with all hammer-type shredders with disc rotors, including those from Metso-Texas Shredder, Riverside Engineering, Newell, TSC, Wendt and American Pulverizer. Mavrix has installed systems around the country and works closely with many manufacturers to ensure its products fit precisely to the shredder system.
The dual torch disc rebuild system includes two weld carriages that support the weld arm and adjustable open arc torches, wire feeders and 60-lb. coils of wire. The carriage with the new opening design allows the main beam and legs to be installed first and the carriages second, significantly reducing the weight of the system and making installation easier.
Mavrix has now consolidated the controls into a single hand-held pendant that allows the operator to be mobile yet maintain control. The pendant frees the operator to maintain a safe distance from welding fumes yet keep complete control over voltage, amperage, rotation speed and circumferential step-over. With remote Start/Stop, the operator can pause at any time to inspect the work and simply begin again without out worrying about "wire whiskers" because a built-in burn back circuit eliminates the welding wire sticking to the work piece.
The disc rebuild system is a perfect match with Stoody 110MC, a modified high chromium manganese steel metal cored wire designed for parts subject to severe impact loading. This wire allows the system to be used in a single wire welding solution; there is no need to build up with one product and then change over to a hard facing wire. A single wire solution reduces stocking requirements, and it also eliminates concern with residual hard facing material when returning for subsequent build events. Stoody 110MC has great welder appeal, low slag, goes down softly and work hardens to 55 HRC. Mavrix is an authorized distributor of Stoody wire products, each selected for specific customer applications.
2012年1月8日星期日
Sisters in Conover get a family for Christmas
They got two big-hearted people to call Mom and Dad; a new last name, Davis; and a comfortable Conover house in which to live. Maybe the best part of their early Christmas present was the fact that they got each other. For a good while, they didn't know the joys of sisterhood because they lived in separate foster homes.
Laura and Dennis Davis of Conover became Layla's and Destinie's official adoptive parents on Sept. 21. The process began long before September, however.
According to Laura, "Layla came to us first in May of 2010; then Destinie came in November of 2010." The Davises served as foster parents of the two girls until the adoption was complete, a process that took nearly a year.
"I grew up wanting to be a foster or adoptive parent," said 31-year-old Laura, who has a degree in human and community service and works as a customer service rep for Klingspor Abrasives in Hickory. As a child in her native upstate New York, Laura knew several foster and adoptive families and saw the difference a loving and stable family can make in a child's life.
Adding to Laura's keen understanding of the need for foster and adoptive families was the year she spent working in a Catawba County group home. In 2008, Laura worked in a residence for female teens who were in the foster care system but had no foster families with whom to live. Laura said she saw kids "ready to turn 18 who literally had no one."
A Forsyth County native, Dennis had a childhood friend who was adopted, but Dennis had never considered becoming an adoptive parent until he and Laura married. Fiona and Zoe are Laura's biological daughters from her first marriage; Maddex is Laura's and Dennis's biological son. Dennis is a production worker at RockTenn, a packaging and paperboard company in Conover.
The Davises began their journey toward adoption by first considering becoming foster parents. To help them understand fostering better - and to become licensed foster parents - they took a comprehensive course in parenting offered by Family Builders of Catawba Valley, the foster and adoption agency of Catawba County Social Services. Additionally, they underwent criminal background checks and a home inspection.
"Once Dennis started the classes and saw the need in the community, he was especially supportive [of becoming a foster or adoptive parent]," said Laura.
The first foster children placed with the Davises were a 15-year-old girl and her 18-month-old baby. "It was a positive experience," said Laura. Sometime after the young mother and her child left the foster care system, the mother could not care for her child; the little girl returned to the Davises when she was 4 and stayed until June of last year, when she was placed with her biological father.
Around that time, the Davises were asked to consider two sisters. They readily agreed. The rest is the wonderful history of two little girls returning to each other and getting a family all in one big package. The Davises said their biological children immediately accepted Layla and Destinie as their siblings.
So how do two working parents manage five children? "With a lot of planning and support from family and friends," Laura shared. "We must be organized at home and make great use of time management."
Participating in activities is managed by limiting each child to one or two pursuits, Laura explained. "We want them to experience new things, but we must be able to manage it. There's also school work and chores."
Laura said the children help keep the family on schedule by laying out their clothes each evening, so they can dress quickly the following morning.
"Even Maddex can get out his shoes the night before and put them next to his stepstool," Laura said.
"We've done what we can," Dennis continued, "but we know there are so many children who need quality foster parents or adoptive parents."
State foster home licensing regulations limit a family to no more than five children, so the Davises can no longer accept foster children. What they can do, however, is challenge others to consider the possibility. "A child can't grab hold of anything until they know they aren't going anywhere," concluded Dennis.
Laura and Dennis Davis of Conover became Layla's and Destinie's official adoptive parents on Sept. 21. The process began long before September, however.
According to Laura, "Layla came to us first in May of 2010; then Destinie came in November of 2010." The Davises served as foster parents of the two girls until the adoption was complete, a process that took nearly a year.
"I grew up wanting to be a foster or adoptive parent," said 31-year-old Laura, who has a degree in human and community service and works as a customer service rep for Klingspor Abrasives in Hickory. As a child in her native upstate New York, Laura knew several foster and adoptive families and saw the difference a loving and stable family can make in a child's life.
Adding to Laura's keen understanding of the need for foster and adoptive families was the year she spent working in a Catawba County group home. In 2008, Laura worked in a residence for female teens who were in the foster care system but had no foster families with whom to live. Laura said she saw kids "ready to turn 18 who literally had no one."
A Forsyth County native, Dennis had a childhood friend who was adopted, but Dennis had never considered becoming an adoptive parent until he and Laura married. Fiona and Zoe are Laura's biological daughters from her first marriage; Maddex is Laura's and Dennis's biological son. Dennis is a production worker at RockTenn, a packaging and paperboard company in Conover.
The Davises began their journey toward adoption by first considering becoming foster parents. To help them understand fostering better - and to become licensed foster parents - they took a comprehensive course in parenting offered by Family Builders of Catawba Valley, the foster and adoption agency of Catawba County Social Services. Additionally, they underwent criminal background checks and a home inspection.
"Once Dennis started the classes and saw the need in the community, he was especially supportive [of becoming a foster or adoptive parent]," said Laura.
The first foster children placed with the Davises were a 15-year-old girl and her 18-month-old baby. "It was a positive experience," said Laura. Sometime after the young mother and her child left the foster care system, the mother could not care for her child; the little girl returned to the Davises when she was 4 and stayed until June of last year, when she was placed with her biological father.
Around that time, the Davises were asked to consider two sisters. They readily agreed. The rest is the wonderful history of two little girls returning to each other and getting a family all in one big package. The Davises said their biological children immediately accepted Layla and Destinie as their siblings.
So how do two working parents manage five children? "With a lot of planning and support from family and friends," Laura shared. "We must be organized at home and make great use of time management."
Participating in activities is managed by limiting each child to one or two pursuits, Laura explained. "We want them to experience new things, but we must be able to manage it. There's also school work and chores."
Laura said the children help keep the family on schedule by laying out their clothes each evening, so they can dress quickly the following morning.
"Even Maddex can get out his shoes the night before and put them next to his stepstool," Laura said.
"We've done what we can," Dennis continued, "but we know there are so many children who need quality foster parents or adoptive parents."
State foster home licensing regulations limit a family to no more than five children, so the Davises can no longer accept foster children. What they can do, however, is challenge others to consider the possibility. "A child can't grab hold of anything until they know they aren't going anywhere," concluded Dennis.
2012年1月5日星期四
Manja Kite Results in the Death of a Surat Village Woman
Manja kites are a type of fighter kite. They use a special abrasive cotton string coated in powdered glass. Fighter kites are a popular sport in Afghanistan, Chile, Nepal, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.
On Wednesday, January 5, 2012 a woman in Surat Village fell victim to a Manja. Sita Ishwar Patel was driving a scooter going to pick up her children from school. She came into contact with the glass-coated kite-flying string and this resulted in her throat being slit. She began to bleed profusely. She ultimately died as a result of this accident after being rushed to New Civil Hospital where they tried to treat her, reports Indian Express.
Regular kites come with their own set of dangers, such as ankle injuries and electrocution, but these fighter kites can be particularly dangerous due to their strings being intensely sharp.
During a fighter kite competition, two people will entangle the strings of their kites. They will then fly their kites and pull the strings to try and cut each other's strings. The competition is won when one kite is set free and one is still flying in the hands of a competitor. The person still holding the kite wins.
The loser's kite will then fly into the wind as it is cut completely free. Once fully free, children (and sometimes also, or only, adults) will chase down the free kite and attempt to catch it once it hits the ground. This is referred to as kite running.
In the Indian subcontinent, kite fighters will generally do battle from house rooftops. This also poses danger because fighters have been known to fall and become either seriously injured or die.
Many kite runners also lose their lives each year. Kite runners are often very fixated on the kite that they are chasing. This has resulted in them being hit by trains and vehicles, falling off of buildings or falling out of trees.
Of course, there are also dangers like the one that Sita Ishwar Patel experienced. This is obviously a rather extreme accident, but it is very real and can happen. Those participating in kite fighting or kite running are at risk for this. As evidenced in the news story above, innocent bystanders are also at risk.
While kites may seem like a harmless sport, they can pose a danger, especially when their components are altered. Those participating in this sport should take all possible precautions, and those around when it is taking place should also tread with extreme caution.
On Wednesday, January 5, 2012 a woman in Surat Village fell victim to a Manja. Sita Ishwar Patel was driving a scooter going to pick up her children from school. She came into contact with the glass-coated kite-flying string and this resulted in her throat being slit. She began to bleed profusely. She ultimately died as a result of this accident after being rushed to New Civil Hospital where they tried to treat her, reports Indian Express.
Regular kites come with their own set of dangers, such as ankle injuries and electrocution, but these fighter kites can be particularly dangerous due to their strings being intensely sharp.
During a fighter kite competition, two people will entangle the strings of their kites. They will then fly their kites and pull the strings to try and cut each other's strings. The competition is won when one kite is set free and one is still flying in the hands of a competitor. The person still holding the kite wins.
The loser's kite will then fly into the wind as it is cut completely free. Once fully free, children (and sometimes also, or only, adults) will chase down the free kite and attempt to catch it once it hits the ground. This is referred to as kite running.
In the Indian subcontinent, kite fighters will generally do battle from house rooftops. This also poses danger because fighters have been known to fall and become either seriously injured or die.
Many kite runners also lose their lives each year. Kite runners are often very fixated on the kite that they are chasing. This has resulted in them being hit by trains and vehicles, falling off of buildings or falling out of trees.
Of course, there are also dangers like the one that Sita Ishwar Patel experienced. This is obviously a rather extreme accident, but it is very real and can happen. Those participating in kite fighting or kite running are at risk for this. As evidenced in the news story above, innocent bystanders are also at risk.
While kites may seem like a harmless sport, they can pose a danger, especially when their components are altered. Those participating in this sport should take all possible precautions, and those around when it is taking place should also tread with extreme caution.
2012年1月4日星期三
New Cordless Jig Saw from Metabo Features Best in Class Performance
Metabo Corporation, a leading international manufacturer of professional grade portable electric power tools and abrasives for industrial, construction and welding applications, introduces a cordless jig saw that is an industry leader in performance. The STA 18 LTX is part of Metabo’s innovative PowerMasterSeries of 18 V lithium-ion cordless power tools.
This high-performing saw, that can cut more than 98 feet of chipboard with just one battery pack charge, is ideal for use in cutting openings for heating duct and plumbing, cabinet fitting, drywall fitting, cutting and sizing plywood or cutting duct openings in HVAC applications.
The STA 18 LTX features a low-lying saw blade support roller for exact blade guidance, a 4-stage adjustable orbital blade stroke and positive bevel cutting stops at 15°, 30° and 45°. The tool also includes Metabo’s Quick toolless blade change system that saves time and energy when replacing blades, increasing productivity and lowering overall cost.
Metabo’s new jig saw can cut a maximum thickness of 5- 5/16” in wood, 1 3/8” in non-ferrous metals and 10 gage” in sheet metal.
The STA 18 LTX features a robust gear housing and motor design, Variospeed electronics producing up to 2,700 strokes per minute, a protective guard and anti-splinter insert to prevent chipping when working on brittle materials like laminate countertops.
Safety features include an ergonomic rubber-coated full grip bow-type handle for user comfort, adjustable blower for a debris-free view of the cutting line as well as an integrated LED work light for optimum illumination of the cutting line.
The cost-effective STA 18 LTX, sold as a tool only, accepts Metabo’s 1.5Ah, 2.6Ah, 3.0Ah or 4.0Ah 18 V lithium-ion batteries that offer 40 percent higher performance and 40 percent less weight than conventional batteries.
This high-performing saw, that can cut more than 98 feet of chipboard with just one battery pack charge, is ideal for use in cutting openings for heating duct and plumbing, cabinet fitting, drywall fitting, cutting and sizing plywood or cutting duct openings in HVAC applications.
The STA 18 LTX features a low-lying saw blade support roller for exact blade guidance, a 4-stage adjustable orbital blade stroke and positive bevel cutting stops at 15°, 30° and 45°. The tool also includes Metabo’s Quick toolless blade change system that saves time and energy when replacing blades, increasing productivity and lowering overall cost.
Metabo’s new jig saw can cut a maximum thickness of 5- 5/16” in wood, 1 3/8” in non-ferrous metals and 10 gage” in sheet metal.
The STA 18 LTX features a robust gear housing and motor design, Variospeed electronics producing up to 2,700 strokes per minute, a protective guard and anti-splinter insert to prevent chipping when working on brittle materials like laminate countertops.
Safety features include an ergonomic rubber-coated full grip bow-type handle for user comfort, adjustable blower for a debris-free view of the cutting line as well as an integrated LED work light for optimum illumination of the cutting line.
The cost-effective STA 18 LTX, sold as a tool only, accepts Metabo’s 1.5Ah, 2.6Ah, 3.0Ah or 4.0Ah 18 V lithium-ion batteries that offer 40 percent higher performance and 40 percent less weight than conventional batteries.
2012年1月3日星期二
The new art of graffiti using felt pens
The illicit art of writing on walls is becoming modernised. Once it was easy to rub out the "Sid Loves Ethel" – or worse – chalked up on the bus shelters and lamp-posts and other amenities of our towns and cities.
Now two factors have combined to give wall literature a permanence which, if not Shakespearean, is at least equal to the local authorities' determination to remove it. Designers of the rebuilt cities have taken to smooth, highly receptive surfaces such as plastic, terrazzo, high-finish concrete and mosaic – and the secret bards have taken to felt-tipped pens – which are more indelible than chalk, pencil, or crayon.
The Precinct, the centre of Coventry's rebuilt city centre, has steadily become a literary anthology and art gallery in this way. The subways, faced on both sides with terrazzo, have proved especially tempting. Felt-tipped pens left behind a legacy that had to be scrubbed off with abrasives doing the surfaces no good at all. Following this, the walls were deliberately coated with advertisements – only for the nubile young ladies pictured on them to acquire unlikely beards, pince-nez, and warts.
The nature of many of the sentiments expressed on public property has suggested that people between the ages of 15 and 22, rather than schoolchildren, are principally responsible. All the same, the local authority had to start somewhere, and the education committee has discussed the matter.
Councillor N.P. Lister, vice-chairman of the committee, says: "It was all very well for a courting couple years ago to spend a whole afternoon carving 'Jack Loves Judith' on a tree. It took them a long time and the marks grew out anyway. With a felt pen on some of these new surfaces you can do lot of damage in a few minutes and nothing will wash it out."
The short-term answer, in the opinion of the committee, is to make the culprits feel that there is no future in their particular art form. "The marks should be scrubbed out immediately, so no one thinks he is leaving a monument to posterity behind him," says Mr Lister. This solution is rather Utopian, as it is estimated that it would need a gang of half a dozen men working full-time for a week, to clear up the present crop of outpourings in Coventry.
The long-term solution lies in the education of the young. Here Coventry is leading the way. The Education Committee is to ask the Head Teachers' Association to consider the possibility of making a film about the wayward art of the wall literati. This would be the first film of its type. "I should think the censors would have to give it an X certificate," said a corporation workman sadly.
Now two factors have combined to give wall literature a permanence which, if not Shakespearean, is at least equal to the local authorities' determination to remove it. Designers of the rebuilt cities have taken to smooth, highly receptive surfaces such as plastic, terrazzo, high-finish concrete and mosaic – and the secret bards have taken to felt-tipped pens – which are more indelible than chalk, pencil, or crayon.
The Precinct, the centre of Coventry's rebuilt city centre, has steadily become a literary anthology and art gallery in this way. The subways, faced on both sides with terrazzo, have proved especially tempting. Felt-tipped pens left behind a legacy that had to be scrubbed off with abrasives doing the surfaces no good at all. Following this, the walls were deliberately coated with advertisements – only for the nubile young ladies pictured on them to acquire unlikely beards, pince-nez, and warts.
The nature of many of the sentiments expressed on public property has suggested that people between the ages of 15 and 22, rather than schoolchildren, are principally responsible. All the same, the local authority had to start somewhere, and the education committee has discussed the matter.
Councillor N.P. Lister, vice-chairman of the committee, says: "It was all very well for a courting couple years ago to spend a whole afternoon carving 'Jack Loves Judith' on a tree. It took them a long time and the marks grew out anyway. With a felt pen on some of these new surfaces you can do lot of damage in a few minutes and nothing will wash it out."
The short-term answer, in the opinion of the committee, is to make the culprits feel that there is no future in their particular art form. "The marks should be scrubbed out immediately, so no one thinks he is leaving a monument to posterity behind him," says Mr Lister. This solution is rather Utopian, as it is estimated that it would need a gang of half a dozen men working full-time for a week, to clear up the present crop of outpourings in Coventry.
The long-term solution lies in the education of the young. Here Coventry is leading the way. The Education Committee is to ask the Head Teachers' Association to consider the possibility of making a film about the wayward art of the wall literati. This would be the first film of its type. "I should think the censors would have to give it an X certificate," said a corporation workman sadly.
2012年1月2日星期一
Norton 20X High Performance Abrasive Flap Disc
Norton 20X high performance type 27 flap discs are suitable for blending and smooth finishing on flat surfaces on a variety of metals. Norton flap discs are designed for right-angle, handheld, grinding machines for heavy stock removal and surface blending.
With a type 27 flap disc, hold the grinder in operation at an angle less than fifteen degrees to the work surface. Steeper angles will weaken the flap edges. The weight of the backing is designated by letters J, X, Y, T or M. J is the lightest and M is the heaviest. A more flexible backing will follow irregular contours of a workpiece better than a stiffer one. Stiffer backing is more suited for regular round or flat surfaces.
Coated abrasives have individual abrasive grains spaced at a predetermined distance from one another. This is a closed-coat disc. A closed coat covers 100 percent of the surface with abrasive grains, for more stiffness and better surface finish than an equivalent open coat, where abrasive grit covers 50 to 70 percent of the surface. This disc features a resin bond. Resin bonds have good moisture resistance, are harder and less flexible than glue bonds, and have good heat resistance and grain retention. Resin bonds are useful for abrasive operations with high operating speeds, impact, and sudden loading, as the resin bond is strong and can withstand rough treatment. Use with molded rubber back-up pads, using a hard pad for aggressive cutting, a medium pad for general purpose applications, or a soft pad for contours and fine finishing work.
Zirconia alumina is a self-sharpening abrasive that allows for a faster cut rate and longer life than aluminum oxide, due to its ability to fracture and refracture, creating new cutting edges. Zirconia alumina is often used for high stock removal on wood and metals.
Abrasives are used for a variety of applications from shaping a part to fine finishing, depending on the grit size. Low grit numbers like 40 are coarse and are used for removing excess material and shaping a part. High grit numbers like 400 are fine and help to create a smooth surface finish.
Norton Abrasives manufactures a wide variety of sanding, sanding, and polishing abrasives, and has been located in the United States since 1885. In 1990, Saint-Gobain purchased Norton, keeping its manufacturing facilities and offices in the same location. Norton/Saint-Gobain has been recognized as a Global 100 Sustainable Company, as well as earning ISO 9000 and 14001 certification for quality and environmental management standards.
With a type 27 flap disc, hold the grinder in operation at an angle less than fifteen degrees to the work surface. Steeper angles will weaken the flap edges. The weight of the backing is designated by letters J, X, Y, T or M. J is the lightest and M is the heaviest. A more flexible backing will follow irregular contours of a workpiece better than a stiffer one. Stiffer backing is more suited for regular round or flat surfaces.
Coated abrasives have individual abrasive grains spaced at a predetermined distance from one another. This is a closed-coat disc. A closed coat covers 100 percent of the surface with abrasive grains, for more stiffness and better surface finish than an equivalent open coat, where abrasive grit covers 50 to 70 percent of the surface. This disc features a resin bond. Resin bonds have good moisture resistance, are harder and less flexible than glue bonds, and have good heat resistance and grain retention. Resin bonds are useful for abrasive operations with high operating speeds, impact, and sudden loading, as the resin bond is strong and can withstand rough treatment. Use with molded rubber back-up pads, using a hard pad for aggressive cutting, a medium pad for general purpose applications, or a soft pad for contours and fine finishing work.
Zirconia alumina is a self-sharpening abrasive that allows for a faster cut rate and longer life than aluminum oxide, due to its ability to fracture and refracture, creating new cutting edges. Zirconia alumina is often used for high stock removal on wood and metals.
Abrasives are used for a variety of applications from shaping a part to fine finishing, depending on the grit size. Low grit numbers like 40 are coarse and are used for removing excess material and shaping a part. High grit numbers like 400 are fine and help to create a smooth surface finish.
Norton Abrasives manufactures a wide variety of sanding, sanding, and polishing abrasives, and has been located in the United States since 1885. In 1990, Saint-Gobain purchased Norton, keeping its manufacturing facilities and offices in the same location. Norton/Saint-Gobain has been recognized as a Global 100 Sustainable Company, as well as earning ISO 9000 and 14001 certification for quality and environmental management standards.
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